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Transporters: the molecular drivers of arsenic stress tolerance in plants

  • Review Article
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Abstract

Arsenic (As), the toxic metalloid, is taken up by plant roots and transported to different parts of the plant through transporters of the essential elements due to the structural analogy. The analogy of arsenate (AsV) with phosphate enables As (V) to enter plant through phosphate transporter, while, arsenite (AsIII) which is analogous to silicic acid, is taken up by plants through aquaporins. After the uptake, the different forms of As are translocated to shoot via xylem, imposing toxicity to plants that affect their growth and yield, however this depends on the effective concentration of free As anion at particular cellular organelle /site. To this end, the role of transporters becomes crucial as the central and prime regulator of As movement throughout the plant and in various cellular compartments. It is essential to understand the precise roles of different transporters involved in As uptake and transportation to avoid As accumulation and stress in plant. Therefore, this review discusses the transporters namely, phosphate transporters, nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, tonoplast intrinsic proteins, C-type ATP binding cassette transporters, arsenical resistance 3 transporter, inositol transporters, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters, and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein transporters, which are involved in As uptake, sequestration, translocation and efflux in plants, with an emphasis on As stress tolerance through the regulation of expression of the different transporters.

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Abbreviations

As:

Arsenic

As(III):

Arseite

As(V):

Arsenate

MMA:

Monomethylarsonic acid

DMA:

Dimethylarsinic acid

MIPs:

Major intrinsic proteins

ABCC:

C-type ATP binding cassette transporters

Acr3:

Arsenical resistance 3 transporter

INTs:

Inositol transporters

MATE:

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters

NRT1/PTR:

Nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter

NRAMP:

Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein

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Acknowledgements

Thorny Chanu Thounaojam and Hrishikesh Upadhyaya greatly acknowledge the financial support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, under WOS-A scheme (Reference No: SR/WOS-A/LS-159/2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India

    Thorny Chanu Thounaojam, Zesmin Khan & Hrishikesh Upadhyaya

  2. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India

    Thounaojam Thomas Meetei

  3. Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Sudhakar Srivastava

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India

    Sanjib Kumar Panda

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  1. Thorny Chanu Thounaojam
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Correspondence to Hrishikesh Upadhyaya.

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Thounaojam, T.C., Khan, Z., Meetei, T.T. et al. Transporters: the molecular drivers of arsenic stress tolerance in plants. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 30, 730–743 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00748-z

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